Abstract:Science and technology must play a central role in any transition toward sustainability. Thus far, however, the world lacks dedicated, problem-driven R&D systems of anything like the extent of those devoted to other great challenges of the 21st Century such as the provision of military security or human health. This paper explores efforts underway around the world to shape such systems. It argues for a systematic and critical effort to learn from both successes and failures of the past -- lessons that can be applied to the design of effective and appropriately scaled R&D systems for promoting a transition toward sustainability. |